Sex differences in the dynamics of the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus during the stance phase of gait

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the dynamics of the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus during the stance phase of gait and confirm any sex differences.MethodsThe distance between the talus and lateral malleolus was quantified during gait in 25 healthy participants. Noninvasive ultrasound with three-dimensional motion analysis was used to assess the kinematic properties during the walking stance phase.ResultsThe distance between the talus and lateral malleolus widened immediately after initial contact, narrowed during mid-stance, and widened during the stance cycle in all participants. The distance was significantly wider in females, especially during the early and terminal stance phases, contributing to differences in sagittal mobility.ConclusionsQuantitative measurement of the anterior talofibular ligament attachment distance may aid in the early detection of ankle abnormalities. The dynamic characteristics observed in females during gait may be associated with chronic ankle instability or osteoarthritis risk.