Efficacy and safety of the PHIL embolic agent in the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: results of the PHIL-dAVF study

  • Gaultier Marnat
  • , Xavier Barreau
  • , Anne-Christine Januel
  • , Laurent Spelle
  • , Michel Piotin
  • , Charbel Mounayer
  • , Ljubisa Borota
  • , Alejandro González
  • , Alfredo Casasco
  • , Peter Keston
  • , Kyriakos Lobotesis
  • , Mats Cronqvist
  • , Markus Holtmannspötter (Co-author)
  • , Leopoldo Guimaraens
  • , Edoardo Boccardi
  • , Luca Valvassori
  • , Mariano Espinosa de Rueda
  • , Christophe Cognard
  • , PHIL-dAVF study investigators

Research output: Contribution to journalOriginal Articlepeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Embolization is the first-line treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF). The precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) embolic agent is a non-adhesive copolymer with specific features and endovascular behavior. This study assessed its safety and efficacy in a prospective real-life cohort.

METHODS: The PHIL-dAVF study was a prospective single-arm open-label observational multicenter study conducted between October 2017 and November 2019 in 14 European centers. Patients with a single intracranial dAVF intended for PHIL embolization were included. Previously partially treated or multiple dAVFs were excluded. Additional devices and embolic agents were permitted as complementary techniques or second-line strategies. Primary endpoints were functional outcome changes from baseline and complete cure rate at 3-6 months after the last embolization. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AE) incidence.

RESULTS: A total of 67 patients (77 endovascular procedures; 70.1% men, mean age 61±14 years) were included. Most DAVFs were unruptured (71.6%), located in the transverse/sigmoid sinus (53.7%) and Cognard grade III or IV (56.7%). Sixty patients (89.6%) received one single embolization. Additional devices were used in 31.2% of procedures. Complete angiographic cure rate was 86.9% at the 3-6 month DSA follow-up after the last endovascular treatment. At least one AE was recorded in 37.3% of patients during follow-up, of which 52.9% were related to the procedure. The procedural rates of AE and serious AE were 32.5% and 15.6%, respectively. Five AEs were related to PHIL. Transient functional deterioration occurred in three patients (4.5%), all resolved by the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION: The PHIL-dAVF study provides evidence about the efficacy and safety of PHIL in the treatment of intracranial dAVFs, with outcomes comparable to existing liquid embolic agents reported in the literature.

Original languageEnglish
Number of pages6
JournalJOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
Early online dateJan 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 8 Jan 2025

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